THE POLITICAL FUTURE, THE RIGHT TO SELF-DETERMINATION
AND
REPARATIONS IN THE CARIBBEAN
FOURTH SYMPOSIUM
COMMUNIQUÉ
Kralendijk, Bonaire, December 7, 2019
The Fourth Symposium on the Political Future, the Right to Self-Determination and Reparations
in the Caribbean,
Having met at Bonaire, West Indies on 5
th through 7th December 2019,
Aware that the political status of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius (Statia) and Saba was transformed
in 2010 from being a part of the autonomous country of the (former) Netherlands Antilles to a
new political arrangement unilaterally advanced by the Kingdom of the Netherlands akin to
that of 'partial integration', and characterized by serious political and economic inequality,
rather than the promised political and economic equality originally envisaged.
Also aware that this new status is tantamount to unilateral annexation, and is wholly
inconsistent with the minimum standards of full self-government and equality required on the
basis of international principles of democratic governance,
Alarmed that the Kingdom of the Netherlands took the unilateral decision on 7 February
2018 to dismiss the democratically-elected government of Statia, and to authorize the
Kingdom to dissolve the Island Council, remove the island commissioners, and to institute
direct rule via an administrator who governs by decree,
Concerned that the Kingdom of the Netherlands imposed a Governing Accord on Bonaire
which requires the imposition of a programme manager which exercises power above the
elected government.
Noting that in 2010, Curaçao and Sint Maarten joined Aruba as the second and third semiautonomous countries in the Kingdom without the full measure of self-government required
under United Nations (U.N.) Resolution 1541 (XV), and subject to the applicability of Article
51 of the Kingdom Charter which provides for unilateral intervention in the affairs of the
autonomous countries,
Concerned that the Kingdom is placing undue constraints on the autonomy of Aruba
inconsistent with the provisions of the United Nations Charter requiring the full measure of selfgovernment,
Also taking note of the “Assessment of self-governance sufficiency in conformity with
internationally-recognized standards – Country Curacao” undertaken in 2012 by the global
Dependency Studies Project which found that the present governance model in place in
Curaçao emerging from the 2010 dismantlement process of the Netherlands Antilles further
reduced the level of self-government to a diminished autonomous model and is not in
compliance with contemporary international standards of the full measure self-government.
Further taking note, that the Dutch government through strategic political organs named
the Committee for Financial Supervision (CFT), the Special Police Task Force (RST) and the
General Prosecutor through consensus laws is overruling the democratic parliament of
Curacao and in so doing controlling the political, social, cultural and economic development
of Curacao; and the further reduction of autonomy through the imposition of an “instruction”
by the Kingdom Government,
Conscious that in addition to the Dutch-administered partially-integrated dependencies,
and the autonomous countries in the region, are other non-independent countries (NICCs)
including the six British-administered non self-governing territories of Bermuda, Turks &
Caicos Islands, Cayman Islands, Montserrat, British Virgin Islands and Anguilla; the U.S.
administered dependencies of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands; the integrated
departments of Guadeloupe, Martinique and Guiana(French Colony), and the Archipelago of
San Andres, Old Providence and Santa Catalina, and the French-administered collectivities of
Saint Martin and Saint Barts,
Bearing in mind that the 'public entity' status does not reflect the wishes of the people of
Bonaire who had previously selected a political status of "direct ties to the Kingdom" in the
2004 referendum held in Bonaire rather than the political status of "public entity" which has
been unilaterally and systematically imposed by the Government of the Netherlands, since
the 2010 dismantling of the Netherlands Antilles and the subsequent transition, without these
having been defined in the context of Chapter XI, Article. 73 and 74 of the U.N. Charter.
Also bearing in mind that the 'public entity' political status was formally rejected by the
people of Bonaire in a 2015 referendum by a decisive 'No' vote of over 65 per cent and the
results were formally certified and endorsed by motion of the Island Council on 8th March
2016 as a clear mandate of the people, but the Government of the Netherlands decided to
unilaterally embed the “public entities of Bonaire”, Sint Eustatius and Saba in the Constitution of the Netherlands,
Recognizing that any subsequent referendum on the preferred political status that would be
selected from a group of political options of democratic governance and political equality
should be conducted under the direct supervision of the U.N.,
Taking into account that the people of Sint Eustatius voted in its 2005 referendum to
remain within a restructured autonomous country of the Netherlands Antilles, but as the
2005 referendum outcome resulted in the dismantlement of that autonomous country, the
Island Council of Sint Eustatius subsequently approved a motion to accept the ‘direct ties’
arrangement offered to Bonaire and Saba, even as the people had not voted in favor of the
status, and even as the nature of its political and economic inequality had not yet been
revealed,
Also taking into account that the people of Sint Eustatius in a 2014 referendum, under
official observation of the U.N. Electoral Affairs Division of the Department of Political
Affairs, formally rejected the imposed 'public entity' status by voting for a more autonomous
status from a list of political status options, and recalling that the results of the 2014
referendum were formally certified and endorsed by motion of the Island Council on 25th May
2015 as a clear mandate of the people resulting in the subsequent drafting in 2016 of a White
Paper and a draft constitution for an autonomous Sint Eustatius,
Alarmed that the Government of the Netherlands, in spite of the democratically expressed
wishes of the people of Sint Eustatius and Bonaire in their rejection of the imposed political
status of ‘public entity’ in 2014 and 2015, respectively, has proceeded through measures in the
Kingdom Parliament to formally annex the two territories through a process of ‘embedding’
the two islands (along with the island of Saba), in the Dutch Constitution and further
alarmed that this unilateral process of the Government of the Netherlands could result in a
legitimization of the dependency status contrary to international norms of democratic
governance and in opposition to the expressed will of the people of Bonaire and Sint
Eustatius,
Recognizing the resumption of direct, albeit strained, contact between the Government of
the Netherlands with the democratically elected government of Sint Eustatius following the
suspension of contacts in 2015, and again in 2016, and deeply concerned that the method
of unilateral withdrawal of communication with the elected government of the territory
continues to be an unacceptable practice,
Further expresses its deep concern for the imposition of unilateral financial supervision
which requires Netherlands’ government approval for public expenditures by the Government
of Sint Eustatius despite its compliance with the financial regulations of the Netherlands
Committee for Financial Supervision (CFT).
Alarmed by the political decapitation of the legitimately elected government of Sint
Eustatius by the Government of the Netherlands on February 7th 2018, and the appointment
by the Netherlands’ government of an undemocratic administrating governor constituting
further erosion of the democratic rights and processes to elect a next democratic government.
Aware that the legitimately elected government of Sint Eustatius filed a petition at the Court
of First Instance to initiate main proceedings against the Government of the Netherlands,
Recalling the Motion adopted by the Island Council of Sint Eustatius on 28th May 2015
which confirmed, inter alia, that the population of Sint Eustatius had not yet exhausted all its
options as far as exercising its right to self-determination in accordance with the Charter of
the United Nations, and the Article 1, of both the International Covenant on Civil and
Political Rights respectively and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural
rights which reminded the Netherlands of its continued obligations towards Sint Eustatius as
part of the former Netherlands Antilles,
Also recalling the resolutions of the Permanent Conference of Political Parties of Latin
America and Caribbean (COPPPAL), issued on December 1, 2016 on Bonaire and June 6, 2017
on Sint Maarten, respectively, rejecting any form of colonization in the Americas, with regards
to the future political status of Puerto Rico and the future political status of the Caribbean
territories administered by Holland,
Takes note of the interest expressed by the incoming government of the U.S. Virgin Islands
to examine the political status evolution of the territory, and encourages the territory, in the
context of it’s listing by the United Nations (U.N.) since 1946 as a non-self-governing
territory, to re-engage with the U.N. decolonization process by resuming its participation in
the proceedings of the Special Committee on Decolonization, and the Special Political and
Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee).
Taking note that the proposed 'Raizal Statute' submitted to the government of Colombia by
the Raizal Authority of the archipelago of San Andres, Old Providence and Santa Catalina with
the aim of modernizing the political, socio-economic and constitutional relationship between
the Raizal people of the archipelago and the State of Colombia, was withdrawn from the
Colombian Congress, and affirming the self-determination aspirations of the Raizal people.
Outraged that after 121 years of United States (U.S.) colonialism, and 38 U.N. resolutions
asking it to immediately return Puerto Rico’s sovereignty to the Puerto Ricans and
distressed by the unilateral imposition of the colonial fiscal control board imposed upon the
people of Puerto Rico by the U.S. Government,
Appalled by the insulting U.S. response to the humanitarian crisis in Puerto Rico caused by
the impact of Hurricane Maria in 2017 precipitating an already alarming migration of Puerto
Ricans from their homeland, and increasing their already superior recruitment rate into the
US military, resulting in an alarming reduction in population and family displacement with
the premeditated intention of changing the demographic composition of the territory,
Recalls that Puerto Rico has been a United States (U.S.) colony since 1899 with the people
forced into a second-class citizenship without full political or economic rights in the U.S.
system,further recalls that more Puerto Ricans are living away from their national territory
because of limited opportunities for them in their homeland, and also recalling that the
U.S. military recruits more Puerto Rico for military service than in any of the 50 states of the
U.S.
Noting that the public sector debt was estimated at exceeding $US.72 billion, and that the
U.S. government installed a oversight board to control the financial management of the
government to ensure that the bondholders receive payment,
Concerned that the austerity measures put in place to accommodate the debt repayment has
resulted in the reduction of essential services, the closing of schools and decline in public
health care,
Taking note of the colonial situation of Guiana (French Colony), 8,000 kms. from Europe,
which is being used by French authorities for geo-strategic purposes including the European
Space Centre which is used for the launching of military and commercial satellites while providing no revenue to the territory,
Alarmed that some 90 per cent of the land of Guiana (French colony) is owned and controlled by the French state resulting in the severely limited amount of land available to the
people for economic, agriculture, housing and development; and further alarmed that the
cultural and national identity of the people continues to be denied by the French state, including the rights of the indigenous peoples,
Concerned that the political status of the territory does not allow for the promulgation of local laws by the elected leaders, and the territory is governed by laws directly applied by the
French State without the right of amendment,
1. Affirms that the referendum results of 2014 in Sint Eustatius, and of 2015 in Bonaire,
constituted a formal, genuine and legitimate refutation of the 'public entity' status as
expressed by the people, and alarmed that the 'public entity' status imposed on the people of
Sint Eustatius and Bonaire had been misrepresented as a genuine status of political equality
by the Government of the Netherlands in 2010 at the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles,
2. Deeply concerned that the people of Bonaire and Sint Eustatius are presently being
governed, contrary to democratic norms, under a political status of political and economic
inequality not of their choosing,
3. Reaffirms the continued applicability to Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba of relevant
international law doctrine on self-determination and decolonization, including the provisions
of Chapter XI on the "Declaration Regarding Non Self-Governing Territories,"
4. Also reaffirms the continued applicability of Article 73 (b) of the United Nations
(U.N.) Charter which mandates that "Members of the United Nations which have or assume
responsibilities for the administration of territories whose peoples have not yet attained a full measure
of self-government recognize the principle that the interests of the inhabitants of these territories are
paramount, and accept as a sacred trust the obligation to promote to the utmost, within the system of
international peace and security established by the present Charter, the well-being of the inhabitants of
these territories, and, to this end to develop self-government, to take due account of the political
aspirations of the peoples, and to assist them in the progressive development of their free political
institutions, according to the particular circumstances of each territory and its peoples and their
varying stages of advancement,"
5. Emphasizes the continued applicability to Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba of the
U.N. Decolonization Declaration [Resolution 1514 (XV)], its companion Resolution 1541 (XV),
and all other relevant U.N. resolutions, as well as the present Third International Decade for
the Eradication of Colonialism and its plan of action,
6. Also emphasizes the applicability of relevant General Assembly resolutions which
recognize that "the existence of colonialism in any form or manifestation," as "incompatible
with the Charter of the United Nations, the (Decolonization) Declaration and the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights' and further emphasizes the applicability of the relevant
resolutions of the General Assembly which confirm that self-determination is a fundamental
human right protected under the core human rights conventions including the International
Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), and the Convention on the Elimination of Racial
Discrimination (CERD), et al,
7. Takes note with interest that the U.N. General Assembly Resolution 945 (X) of 15
December 1955 removing the former Netherlands Antilles from the U.N. list of Non SelfGoverning Territories did not affirm that the former Netherlands Antilles had achieved a full
measure of self-government, as stated by the government of the Netherlands in the Dutch
Parliament on December 22, 1955, with the statement... “' The emancipation process has been
completed” thus leaving open the possibility for the U.N. to resume formal review of the selfgovernance sufficiency of the former territory and any of its former constituent parts, in
particular Bonaire and Sint Eustatius, as well as Curaçao and the other semi-autonomous
countries within the Kingdom with the aim of fostering a genuine process of selfdetermination,
8. Calls on the Government of the Netherlands, as a matter of urgency, to lift the
financial supervision imposed on the Dutch administered Caribbean, and further calls on
the Government of the Netherlands to exercise respect in their communication and dealings
with the territories and semi autonomous countries,
9.
Condemns the Government of the Netherlands for its actions in unilaterally
embedding the so-called 'public entities’ of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba in the
Constitution of the Netherlands, and calls on the international community to review whether
these actions are a violation of the inalienable right to self-determination of the people of the
so-called “public entities”,
10. Calls for the Government of the Netherlands and/or other relevant U.N. member
States to initiate the necessary procedures for the re-inscription of the former Netherlands
Antilles islands of Bonaire and Sint Eustatius, and Curaçao, and the other semi-autonomous
countries within the Kingdom, on the United Nations list of Non Self-Governing Territories to
provide the international community with the required platform to review, in depth where
democratic deficiencies in the dependency governance arrangements may exist,
11. Calls on the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) to consider that the Caribbean is not
in a post-colonial condition, and to give due recognition to the issue of the self-determination
of the remaining non-independent Caribbean countries in the region as unfinished business;
and requests that self-determination and decolonization be placed on the permanent agenda
of the CARICOM Heads of Government,
12. Endorses the commissioning of an independent Self Governance Assessment of the
political status and constitutional arrangements of Bonaire and Sint Eustatius, through the
use of the "Corbin Self-Governance Indicators," to determine the nature and scope of the
public entity status according to international standards, and requests that the necessary
resources be identified for the Assessment to be carried out as a key substantive document to
inform the U.N. in its consideration of the re-inscription process of Bonaire and Saint
Eustatius.
13. Further endorses and supports fully the trajectory of Bonaire and Sint Eustatius for
re-inscription on the list of Non-Self-Governing-Territories of the United Nations,
14. Aware that the proposed Raizal Statute which was negotiated between the Government
of Colombia and the recognized representatives of the Archipelago of San Andres, Old
Providence and Santa Catalina, has been submitted to the previous Colombian Congress in
2018, and the new Congress which convened after the congressional election of 2018, had
been withdrawn by mutual agreement by the Raizal authority and State-minister of Interior.
15. Concerned that the State has not yet recognized the rights of the people to their
ancestral territory, and their right to self-determination as recommended by the Raizal
representatives in the originally proposed statute.
16. Once again, urges the Colombian State to modify its constitution in order to
recognize the inalienable right of the Raizal people of the Archipelago to self-determination in
accordance with international law, in particular, the U.N. Charter, U.N. Resolution 1541, U.N.
Resolution 742, and relevant human rights instruments.
16a. Petitions the Colombian Government to make the necessary steps to include the
Archipelageo in the United Nations List of Non Self-Governing Territories (NSGTs),
17. Calls on the Government of the Netherlands to adhere to the spirit of its Charter to
provide for the autonomous functioning of Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten, Sint Eustatius
and Bonaire,
18. The political movements, Movemento Kousa Promé and Pueblo Soberano
call on the government of the Netherlands to end the consensus laws of Curacao and to
respect the vision and spirit of the U.N. Charter in the same way as it respects the Treaty of
Lissabon regarding the European Union and to implement the U.N. Charter on the selfdetermination of our people.
19. Calls on the Government of the U.S. to implement the U.N. Charter as related to the
self-determination of peoples, and to implement the 38 resolutions of the U.N. Special
Committee on Decolonization calling for the self-determination and independence of Puerto
Rico,
20. Takes note of the agreement between the Territorial Collectivity, the social forces, and
the French State for a referendum under Projet Guyane, calls for the participation of
international observers to ensure a free and fair referendum process, and Supports the
struggle of the Front Guyanais pour un Changement Statutaire (Guianese Front for a
Statutory Change),
21. Also supports the struggle of the people of Guiana(French colony) to complete social
and political emancipation, and in this connection, calls for the re-inscription of Guyane
(French colony) on the United Nations list of non self-governing territories.
22. Calls on the Government of the U.S. to facilitate the self-determination of the people
of the U.S. Virgin Islands consistent with the relevant resolutions of the U.N. General
Assembly.
23. As a matter of urgency calls on the United Nations General Assembly to adopt a
new international decade with intention to implement the “Declaration on the Granting of
Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples”.
